Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Development of the thyroid gland of New-Zealand white rabbit187792410.21608/jvmr.2005.77924ENS. M.SolimanDepartment of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptTagreed M.NabilDepartment of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptA. Z.El-KerdawyDepartment of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptA. M.El-BayomyDepartment of pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318The development of thyroid glands of New-Zeland rabbits was studied in 28<br />fetuses (10-30 days) and 28 rabbits (3 days-5 years). The thyroid premordia appeared at the 12th day of gestation as 2 masses of cords and clumps of cells. The gland assumed the bilobed form with a narrow isthmus in between at the 18th day. Small primitive follicles with narrow empty lumina appeared in 14-day-old fetuses. True follicles were recorded in 20-22 days old fetuses while colloid was seen in the lumina of the central follicles at the 24th day. Light (C- or Parafollicular) cells were seen for the first time at the 12th day. With development of the follicles, C-cells appeared between the follicular cells and some of them come in contact with colloid. The ultimobranchial body (UBB) was observed in 20 days old fetuses close to the thyroid anlage and entered into its tissue at the 22nd day. Later on, it gave thyroid-like follicles or ultimobranchial cysts. With the electron microscope (EM) follicular cells of earlydeveloping fetuses were not yet differentiated. They contained few ill-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and mitochondria. The organelles became well developed and the cells started to secrete colloid in full term fetuses. The maximum rate of secretory activity was achieved in the glands of adult rabbits. Changes in the thyroid glands during the postnatal life up to 5 years of age (age of senility) were followed up and described.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Light and electron microscopic studies on some lymph nodes of the adult one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)9137792510.21608/jvmr.2005.77925ENS. M.SolimanDepartment of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptK. M.MazherDepartment of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318Samples from medial retropharyngeal, superficial cervical and deep femoral lymph nodes of four camels were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The camel lymph nodes were formed of stroma and parenchyma. A dense collagenous capsule and trabeculae beside fine reticular framework represented the stroma. The parenchyma was formed of follicular and non-follicular forms of lymphoreticular tissue. The lymphoid follicles were mainly secondary in nature formed of germinal center and outer corona. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were noticed at the same area of the capsule. Capsular, subcapsular, trabecular, peritrabecular and parenchymal lymph sinuses were noticed in camel lymph nodes.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Study of some hazard of difenoconazole on rats with trials to overcome its deleterious effects14247792610.21608/jvmr.2005.77926ENSahar M.SrourBiochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, EgyptAmany E.YoussefBiochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, EgyptJournal Article20200318Seventy-five rats were used to determine the toxic effects of difenoconazole (D) fungicide on haematological, some biochemical parameters and thyroid hormones in adult albino rats of both sexes, as well as possible inhibition of adverse effects by using vitamin E and/or vitamin C as antioxidant drugs. Rats were classified into five groups each of 15 rats. Group (1) served without treatment as negative control, group (2) treated with 1/10 of the LD50 of D (140.3 mg/kg B.wt.), in alternative days for 30 days and cessation of D for further 15 days as a withdrawal period, group (3) treated with vit. E (24 mg/ kg B.wt.) combined with the same dose of D, intubation every other day, group (4) administered vit. C (200 mg/ kg B.wt.) daily per os combined with the same dose of D in alternative days, group (5) taken vit. E, vit. C and D. Vitamins were given daily from the beginning of experiment till the end and at withdrawal period. Samples were collected at 15 and 30 days during D exposure and at the end of withdrawal period. Using analysis of variance, R.B.Cs. count, PCV % and Hb content significantly decreased than negative controls allover the experimental period in D- treated groups, however vit. C alone or combined with vit. E produced gradual improvement in haematological parameters. Marked elevation in W.B.Cs. count and lymphocytes, accompanied by neutropenia were observed in all groups compared to negative controls allover the experiment period. Total protein, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly reduced in all D-administered groups compared to negative controls. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein showed higher levels in all D-treated groups in comparison to negative controls, meanwhile, administration of vit. E and/or vit. C produces gradual improvement in these parameters. Thyroid hormonal analysis indicated significant decrease in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in all D- treated groups, whereas their levels returned to normal in groups given vit. C alone or combined with vit. E at the withdrawal period. In conclusion, these results indicated that D fungicide exposure caused overt disorders in haematological and biochemical parameters as well as thyroid function. These effects could be ameliorated by using vit. E and vit. C as antioxidant drugs. Vit. E and vit. C when combined together produce best results in all tested parameters, however vit. C alone has rapid response than vit. E especially in haematological picture and thyroid function.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Clinicopathological studies on experimentally infected rabbits with bovine herpesvirus -125337792710.21608/jvmr.2005.77927ENWalaa M.SayedDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptH. H.KamelDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptAzza H.Abd-El-RahmanDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptK. A.El-NesrDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptH. M.MadboulyDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptAmira H.MohamedDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318Forty-eight pathogen free New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups, the first group contained eighteen rabbits served as normal control and the second group of thirty rabbits were received 1 ml bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) virus suspension (107 TCID 50) by intraperitoneal route. Rabbits both groups were subjected to hematological, serum biochemical, different serological and histopathological examination 3,7,10,14,21 and 28 days post infection. Clinical observation of infected rabbits showed febrile response and mild conjunctivitis after 24 and 48h. of inoculation, respectively. The hemogram revealed no significant alteration in the erythrogram while leucogram showed leucocytosis accompanied with heterophilia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia at the 3rd and 7th days post infection. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant elevation in the activity of AST, ALT and AP and in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration along the experimental period. Serum total proteins, albumin, :, ; and < globulin significantly increased at different periods of the experiment. BHV-1 antibodies were detected in the sera of infected rabbits by Dot ELISA and ELISA from the first week until the forth week post infection. Histopathological examination revealed that the most affected organs were the trachea, lungs and liver while adrenals, kidneys, and spleen showed mild pathological alterations.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Determination of formalin in animal and poultry inactivated vaccines using different methods34397792810.21608/jvmr.2005.77928ENN. A.Y.SherifCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, abbasia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318In this study, two methods for determination of formalin amount were applied on samples of inactivated vaccines representing local or foreign companies. The first method; matching method was conducted by using phenyl hydrazine while in the other method is; spectrophotometry phloroglucinol was used. Spectrophotometrical method was found more sensitive and more accurate than the matching one. At the same time, the spectrophotometry method could be used for determination of formalin in all inactivated vaccines either bacterial or viral vaccines.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Clinicopathological Studies on Theileria annulata Infection in Siwa Oasis, Egypt40467792910.21608/jvmr.2005.77929ENT.R.Abou-El-NagaAnimal Health Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptT. A.AbdouFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptMona A.MahmoudAnimal Health Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
2Journal Article20200318One hundred and twenty five (125) cross and native cattle breeds were examined for prevalence of T. annulata infection for the first time in Siwa Oasis and evaluated ts effect on some blood constituents before and after treatment with buparvaquone. The prevalence of tropical theileriosis was 40.3 and 29.4 % in cross and native breed respectively using blood smear examination. Immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) could identify T. annulata in 80.7 % of cross breed and 70.5 % of native cattle. In addition, there was seasonal variation in prevalence. The tick species H. anatolicum was recovered from 65.6% of examined cattle. Cattle clinically infected with T. annulata had significantly low levels of total proteins, albumin, magnesium, potassium and iron concentrations (P6 0.05) but AST, L 8 glutamyl transferase activities, total, direct and indirect bilirubin, creatinine levels were significantly high (P6 0.05). Buparvaquone was effective against both stages of T. annulata and succeed to control fever and temperature returned to normal range by 7th day post treatment. In addition, some serum elements returned to its normal values post treatment especially in native but not in cross breed cattle. In brief, our data showed that tropical theileriosis is prevalent in Siwa Oasis especially among cross breed cattle and the disease has some effects on hepatic and renal functions. There is a need for using immunization methods to reduce the losses from the disease.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Biochemical and pathological studies on Trypanosomiasis among catfish “Clarias gariepenus”47517793010.21608/jvmr.2005.77930ENA. A.AlyPathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, EgyptManal, M.MakhloufBiochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, EgyptH. I.DerwaFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University, EgyptJournal Article20200318The present study was designed to investigate trypanosomiasis among one of native freshwater fish breed in Egypt namely catfish (Clarias gariepenus). Fifty fish were collected during summer season from the river Nile at Giza markets. The fish were examined for the presence of trypanosoma in the blood. Trypanosoma were detected in 10 (20%) of the collected fish. The main clinical signs of infected fish with trypanosoma were emaciation, dullness, respiratory distress, loss of escape reflex, mild ascitis and paleness of the gills. Post-mortem examination of infected fish revealed paleness of the internal organs (liver and kidneys) and slight congestion of spleen. Haematological examination of infected fish revealed significant decrease in erythrocytic count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume but significant increase in total leucocytic count accompanied with neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Serum biochemical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in urea, total protein and albumin while a significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, glucose and 1- globulin were recorded. Microscopic examination of organ histopathological sections revealed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes with activation of kupffer cells, depletion of lymphocytes with thickening of tile trabeculae in spleen. While in kidney, necrobiotic changes of epithelial lining of renal tubules with vacuolation of glomeruli as well as hemorrhages were recorded. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Evaluation of Amitraz Against Ticks and Mites Infestation in Cattle and Sheep in Comparison With Diazinon and Deltamethrin52587793110.21608/jvmr.2005.77931ENM. A. F.Abdel-FattahDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptK.El-KholanyDepartment of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig branch), Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20200318Evaluation of amitraz against ticks and mites infestation in cattle and sheep in comparison with diazinon and deltamethrin was performed. Amitraz showed over 95 % inhibition of oviposition and hatching of laid eggs at dilution of 1:500 while diazinon and deltamethrin produced around 90 % inhibition of oviposition at the same dilution. Fed ticks were more susceptible for all tested acaricides than the unfed ticks, where amitraz reached its full effectiveness (100 % kill of fed and unfed) 2 weeks after application while diazinon and deltamethrin produced over 90 % at the same dilution. Spraying application of amitraz 12.5 % resulted in 100 % tick control by day 5 and the effect was maintained for further 28 days whereas diazinon and deltamethrin were fully effective by days 9 and 13, respectively and their efficacy were maintained for 16 and 20 days, respectively. Spraying application of amitraz 12.5 % produced 100 % efficacy as no live mites were found on day 17 and maintained in full effectiveness till day 33 where respraying was needed. In conclusion, amitraz produced rapid detachment of ticks from animals; its residual effect was long and protected animals from re-infestation for 29 days and was able to eradicate psoroptes mite infestation in sheep. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of difloxacin in camel59637793210.21608/jvmr.2005.77932ENM. A.TohamyPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, EgyptA. A. M.El- GendyPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, EgyptM.IsmailPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318The pharmacokinetic profile of difloxacin was investigated in camels after single intravenous and intramuscular administration of 5 mg kg-1 b.wt. After i. v. injection, serum concentration time curve was best described as two compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half lives (t0.5 (') and t0.5())) were 0.513± 0.01 h and 6.3±0.15 h. respectively. Difloxacin was distributed extravascularly with a volume of distribution (Vdss) 1.10 ± 0.035 l kg-1., and total body clearance (CLB) of 0.141+ 0.031 l kg-1 h-1. following intramusclar injection, peak serum concentration (Cmax) 2.59 ± 0.19 ug ml-1 attained after Tmax 3.05 ± 0.035 h. The absorption and elimination half lives (t0.5 (ab) and t0.5 (el)) were 0.95 ± 0.003 and 5.86 ± 0.33 h., respectively. The systemic bioavailablility (F) and the plasma protein binding were 87.95 and 23 %, respectively.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Disposition kinetic and bioavailability of florfenicol in buffalo calves64697793310.21608/jvmr.2005.77933ENA. A. M.El- GendyPharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medecine Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, EgyptM. A.TohamyPharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medecine Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, EgyptM.IsmailPharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medecine Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318The Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was studied in buffalo calves following single intravenous and intramuscular administration of 20 mg kg-1 b.wt. Florfenicol concentration in both serum and urine were determined by microbiological assay using Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) as test organism. After intravenous injection the serum florfenicol concentration time course obeys two-compartment open model with distribution (t0.5 ()) and elimination (t0.5 ()) half lives of 0.381 ± 0.004 and 2.89 + 0.263 h., respectively. Total body clearance (CLB) and steady state volume of distribution (Vdss) were 3.6 ± 0.30 ml kg-1 min-1 and 1.70 ± 0.010 l kg-1., respectively. After intramuscular administration the observed mean peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 2.32 ± 0.052 3g ml-1 achieved after maximum time (Tmax) of one hour postinjection. The systemic bioavailability after intramuscular administration was 27.43 % and the plasma protein binding was 13.5 %. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301How safe is the cheeses sold in Beni-suef city70737793410.21608/jvmr.2005.77934ENSaadia H.El.ShinawyDepartment of Food hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef , University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.Mona H. A.Tolba.Department of Food hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef , University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.Journal Article20200318The incidence of E. coli O157, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica were studied in some locally produced cheeses. Thirty samples of each kind of the cheese were tested for the presence of some pathogens, which are frequently associated with food born disease. E. coli O157: IMS; Listeria monocytogenes were enumerated on modified Oxford agar; Salmonella was enumerated using standard procedures from Dynal manual using anti-Salmonella antibodies. Y. enterocolitica was enumerated on Yersinia selective agar base. Romano and processed cheese were found to be free from all tested pathogens but Kareish and Feta cheese were found to harbor E. coli and Y. entertocolitica. The results indicated the presence of some food borne pathogens in our food supply. Certain types of locally produced cheese still pose a significant health threat for the consumers. The finding of this study warrant the need for educational programs for dairy producers about the risks associated with consumption of certain cheeses manufactured from raw or insufficiently heated milk.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Effect of gamma irradiation on beef quality74827793510.21608/jvmr.2005.77935ENH. M.MohamedFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptM. M. T.EmaraFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptM. D. H.FaragFood Irradiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, EgyptF. A.ElnawawiFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200318Beef longissimus dorsi steaks were treated with 10, 25, and 50-kGy gamma irradiation and weekly examined during refrigeration storage at 5ºC to evaluate the changes in their organoleptic, bacteriological, chemical and nutritional quality characteristics as well as deterioration criteria. The signs of spoilage became apparent after 17 days of refrigeration storage in control untreated samples compared with 52 days for 10 kGy treated samples; however, samples treated with 25 or 50 kGy remained without signs of spoilage until the end of storage period (4 months). A characteristic burnt flavor was distinguished in irradiated beef samples, which was intensified with high irradiation dose, but decreased during storage. High doses of irradiation especially 50 kGy resulted in a brownish color of meat surface. Moreover, gamma irradiation resulted in high thiobarbituric acid values after treatments and during storage due to lipid oxidation. Thiamin content of beef was severely reduced and the reduction was dependant on the irradiation dose. Riboflavin was also affected by irradiation, but it was much stable than thiamin. The proximate chemical composition of beef was slightly affected by irradiation.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Hazard of some toxic biogenic amines and improvement the quality of some fish and fish products in alexandria city83907793610.21608/jvmr.2005.77936ENHanaa, H. A.El-MossalamiFood Hygiene dept., animal health research institute, Alexandria, EgyptS. A. E.El-AgizyHome Economic Department., Faculty of Specific Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20200318Twenty-five samples of canned fish (tuna and mackerel), frozen fish (mackerel and mazelli) as well as smoked fish (herring); five samples of each were randomly collected from different localities of Alexandria city. Collected samples were subjected to biogenic amine examination. Histamine and Tyramine were determined by HPLC. The highest average value (mg/100g) for histamine was 6.94 (canned tuna) and the lowest was 0.76 (Frozen Mazelli), the respective values for Tyramine were 1.63 (canned tuna) and 0.06 (frozen mazelli) mg/100g. For improvement the quality of raw fish (fresh sardine, 10 kg) during preparation the fresh sardine prior chilling or freezing was dipped into crude potato extract (as protease inhibitor) to reduce biogenic amines production. In order to test the effect of heat treatment on the concentration of the biogenic amines in fish (Frozen mackerel and sardine) were subjected to oven baking at 1506 C for 20 min. This showed high reduction in the percentage of biogenic amine production due to heat treatment. The public health significance of the biogenic amines as well as the suggested measures for improving the quality of produced products has been discussed Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Effect of nisin on shelf life of low salt Tallaga cheese91977793710.21608/jvmr.2005.77937ENEkbal M. A.IbrahimDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moshtohor,
Benha University, Moshtohor,EgyptAzza M. K.SobeihDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr- El-Sheikh,
Tanta University, Kafr- El-Sheikh, EgyptJournal Article20200318Tallaga cheese was made from reconstituted partially skim milk powder (2% fat) with two salt concentrations (1% and 3%) and then (50, 100, 200 IU/ml) nisin were added. Control groups of both salted Tallaga cheeses were manufactured without addition of nisin. Furthermore, the two types of Tallaga cheese samples were kept in their whey at refrigerator temperature (2-4oC) till signs of spoilage were observed. Periodically, the control and preserved samples were examined chemically (pH and titratable acidity) and bacteriologially (aerobic plate, psychrotrophic, coliform and aerobic sporeformer counts) to determine the influence of nisin on prolongation of their shelf life. Nisin extended the shelf- life of low- salt cheese (1% salt) up to 8 days at concentration 100 IU/ml and up to 10 days for 200 IU/mL, while; nisin-free cheese samples were spoiled after the 4th day of refrigeration storage. On the other hand, the shelf life of 3% salt cheese was extended up to 20 days of cold storage by addition of nisin at conc. 100 and 200 IU/ml. In contrast, the cheese samples of control group were deteriorated after the 8th day of refrigerated storage. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the chemical and bacteriological profiles of low salt soft cheese as a result of storage time. Actually, the nisin had a significant destructive action on contaminating coliforms and aerobic spore forming bacteria of Tallaga cheese and lead to increase its validity period.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Mycological investigations in beef and chicken luncheon981027793810.21608/jvmr.2005.77938ENFatma H. M.AliDepartment of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptRefaat M.FarghalyDepartment Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.HammadA. M.Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200318A total of 40 samples of beef and chicken luncheon (20 samples for each) were collected from different markets in Giza city. Samples were subjected to Mycological investigations. Beef luncheon were highly contaminated than chicken luncheon (3.1 x 103 /g ±0.3x 10³) and (4.0 x 102 /g ±0.2x 10² ) respectively . Seven mould genera were isolated from examined samples. The majority of which were Aspergillus (19.7% and 18.1%) and Penicillium (18.9% and 15.7 %), while, Mucor (7.1% and 4.7%), Cladosporium (4.7% and 3.9%) and other genera were also isolated from the same samples but in low percentages from beef and chicken luncheon respectively. The predominant identified Aspergillus species were; A. niger (18.7% and 14.5%), A. flavus (18.7% and 12.5%) and A. ochraceous (6.3% and 6.3%) in the two products respectively. The main identified Penicillium species were; P. citrinium (20.6% and 13.6%), P. expansum (11.4% and 13.6%) and P. verrucosum (6.8% and 6.8%) from the same products respectively. Examination for mycotoxin production revealed the detection of ochratoxin A at a higher level (mean 21.0 and 27.0 ng /kg) from 2 (10%) samples of beef luncheon and one (5%) sample of chicken luncheon, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 (mean 15.3 and 9.8 ng / kg) was detected in 4 (20%) samples of beef luncheon and 3 (15%) samples of chicken luncheon, respectively. Other mycotoxins (AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and T-2) were detected but in minor levels. Public health significance of the identified mould species and the detected mycotoxins were discussed.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Bacterial Contamination of Mortadella in Three Palestinian Factories1031087793910.21608/jvmr.2005.77939ENN. H.El-NakhalEx. Microbiology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, PalestineJournal Article20200318An investigation on certain bacterial contaminants of Mortadella produced by three Palestinian factories has been carried out. One sample (2units) was taken monthly (June/1999-may/2000) from each of three local factories (A, B&C). The lowest viable bacterial count recorded was 1x 103 CFU/g. in sample No. C1, while the highest count was 3x107 CFU/g. in sample No. B5. Some bacterial strains were isolated during the course of this study by using specific isolation media. They were identified and distributed as: Salmonella spp. (40%) (S. typhi, 6 strains, S. arizonae, 4 strains and S. infantis, 2 strains), Eschirichia spp. (50%) (E. coli, 8 strains and E. coli O157:H7, 7 strains), anaerobic Streptococcus parvulus (3.3%) (One strain) and Clostridum spp. (6.7%) (Cl. baratii, one strain and Cl. botulinum, 2 strains). Three samples (A1, C3 and B10) were mix contaminated; two pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from each. All investigated samples were negative for Yersinia spp. and Campylobacter spp. The scientific and medical importance was discussed.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Microbial and Chemical Evaluation of broiler’s skin as co-product incorporated in meat industry1091157794010.21608/jvmr.2005.77940ENGehan M.KassemDepartment of Food Hygiene and Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Giza, EgyptFatma H. M.AliDepartment of Food Hygiene and Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptM. M.FaragDepartment of Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200318Thirty samples of freshly slaughtered broiler frame with skin were obtained from small scale poultry processing plant in Cairo and Giza markets. Samples of neck and breast skin were examined for Total colony count, Psychrotrophic count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Coliform Count, presumptive E. coli count and total yeast and mould count. In addition isolation of Salmonella spp. and thermotolerant Campylobater were performed. Lower bacterial counts were recorded in cooked samples, with mean value of 7.6 ± 0.18, 5.68 ± 0.16, 5.12 ± 0.14, 3.6 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.39 and 6.85 ± 0.37 log10 cfu /g in raw samples and 0.91 ± 0.27, 0.74 ± 0.21, 0.56 ± 0.19, 1.1 ± 0.13, < 3 and 2.44 ± 0.12 log10 cfu/g in cooked samples respectively. The incidence of S. aureus, Salmonella and Campylobater jejuni in raw skin samples were 66.7%, 20%, and 56.6%, respectively. While S. aureus was unexpectedly isolated from cooked samples. Fat content was estimated by using Sohexelt method and fatty acids content of methylester were determined.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Evaluation of eugenol as anesthetic in Cat-fish (Clarias gariepinus) with special reference to biochemical and histopathological alterations1161227794110.21608/jvmr.2005.77941ENM. A. F.Abdel-FattahDepartments of Pharmacology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAmina A.DessoukiPathology Department, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptT.RamadanClinical Pathology Department , Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMona M.Ismailish Diseases and Management, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20200318The anesthetic, biochemical and pathological effects of eugenol were evaluated in the African cat-fish Clarias gariepinus in comparison with MS-222. Aquous exposure of Clarias gariepinus to eugenol at concentration of 62.5 – 250 ) g / ml showed short interval to induction than MS-222. On the other hand, eugenol provided longer time for recovery (8.28 min) at higher concentration (250 )g / ml) than MS-222 (5.26 min) but no differences were observed at lower concentrations between both agents. Mortality rate of 46.5 and 33.3 % was recorded for eugenol and MS-222, respectively at 250 )g / ml. Exposure of fish to 250 )g / ml of eugenol or MS-222 resulted in significant increases in serum levels of creatinine, urea and uric acid and decrease in total protein and albumin. Significant increases in AST, ALT and Ca levels were recorded only on exposure to eugenol 250 )g / ml. Histopathological examinations showed congestion of gill blood vessels, diffuse vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of the epithelium lining of the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments, degeneration and focal necrosis of renal tubules in kidneys, necrosis and deposition of hemosiderin pigment in the macrophages of spleen which is indicative for hemorrhages and hemolysis as well as mild catarrhal enteritis of intestine of fish groups exposed to 250 ) g / ml of both agents. Moreover, massive fatty and degenerative changes in liver were observed only in fish exposed to 250 )g / ml of eugenol. On the other hand, lower concentrations of both agents did not differ from those of control fish. In conclusion, it appears that eugenol at lower and medium concentrations could produce an anesthesia characterized by rapid induction and rational recovery without significant changes in tissues and blood chemistry. Care should be taken on using high concentrations of eugenol as ventilatory failure may occur Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Vaccination of chickens with live Newcastle disease virus vaccines adjuvanated with Nigella sativa oil1231267794210.21608/jvmr.2005.77942ENA. S.HussienDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef EgyptH. M.MadboulyDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef EgyptJournal Article20200318Two hundred, five-week old chickens were divided into six equal groups (30 chicks/group) and vaccinated with different live NDV vaccines in Nigella sativa oil. The vaccinated birds were bled at one-week interval post-vaccination over six weeks and the collected sera were tested by the HI test. Half of each group was challenged 21-days post-vaccination by intramuscular route of inoculation with 2X105EID50 of the velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV). Birds were observed for 15 days post-challenge for any clinical signs of Newcastle disease. Deaths within this period were subjected to post mortem examination. The remaining birds in each group were observed after challenge till 42-days post-vaccination.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301In vitro characterization and pathogenesis of Egypt/Beni-Suef; a novel genotype of infectious bronchitis virus1271337794310.21608/jvmr.2005.77943ENA. S.Abdel-MoneimDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.H. M.MadboulyDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptM. F.El-KadyDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318In vitro characterizations of infectious bronchitis virus (Egypt/Beni-Suef/01 strain) were studied. Heat stability at 56 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min, UV irradiation for 10, 15, 20, and 30 min, chloroform sensitivity, pH stability, and E/M examination were screened. Two-week-old commercial chickens were inoculated<br />intraocularly with Egypt/Beni-Suef/01. At days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 days postinfection, three birds were euthanatized, and virus antigens were screened using<br />immunofluorescence. Histopathology of both trachea & kidney was also performed.<br />Egypt /Beni-Suef/01 was found to be sensitive to 56 °C for 5 min, UV for 10 min<br />and chloroform but resistant to pH 3 and pH 9. It showed typical morphology of<br />coronaviruses by E/M. The virus was found to induce mild respiratory signs and<br />sever renal changes. Immunoflourescence staining showed viral antigen in larynx,<br />trachea, thymus, lung, liver, spleen, renal tubules and glomeruli as well as bursa of<br />Fabricius but not in pancreas. Marked histopathological lesions were also detected<br />in both trachea and kidneys. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Studies on recent IBD virus field variant isolates:Genomic identification and differentiation using RT-PCR-RFLP1341387794510.21608/jvmr.2005.77945ENM. M.AmerFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.S. A.NassifCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318In the present study, 3 pooled proventricular homogenates were collected from 3<br />broiler flocks, of chicken 15 to 30 days old, from Monofia Governorate. The 3 flocks<br />were suffered from low growth rate, poor feed conversion rate, uneven growth and<br />increased mortalities. Necropsy of dead chickens revealed proventriculitis with<br />increased proventriculus size. IBD viral antigen was detected in the pooled<br />proventricular homogenate of each flock by AGPT using reference antibodies against<br />IBDV and RT-PCR technique. No other viruses were detected; such as Reo virus,<br />CAV, NDV, IBV and ALV-J. Further characterization of the IBDV isolates were<br />conducted by RFLP assay on PCR products using MboI and BstOI restriction<br />enzymes. Results demonstrate that the 3 IBDV isolates are identical in their RFLP<br />pattern and related to the Del/E variant strain of IBDV.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Case Report An atypical fowl pox outbreak in broiler flock in Dakahlia governorate1391447794610.21608/jvmr.2005.77946ENA. A.El-KenawyDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura
University, Mansoura, EgyptK. I.Abou El-AzmDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura
University, Mansoura, EgyptSanaa, S. A.AwadDepartment of Poultry Diseases2, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura
University, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20200318An unusual fowl pox outbreak has been diagnosed in 40 days-old-unvaccinated broilers farm in Dakahlia Governorate during summer, 2004. The most characteristic observation of this outbreak was that the pox signs and lesions were observed on the feathered parts of the body mainly in the posterior dorsal area of the chickens. Classical pox lesions were also seen in the mouth, comb, wattle, eyelids and shank of some chickens. Samples were collected from affected birds for virus isolation and histopathological studies. The isolated virus on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was serologically confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed characteristic intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in affected chicken tissues and CAM. This outbreak caused severe economic losses due to cutaneous lesions in the feathered area of the body that resulted in high condemnation rate at processing plant beside to high mortality which reached upto25%.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Observations on Lumbar Myelography in Dogs Using Iotrolan as A Contrast Medium127794810.21608/jvmr.2005.77948ENM. H.El-DaharawyDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University, EgyptJournal Article20200318Nine mongrel dogs of both sexes were used in this study to evaluate Iotrolan as a non-ionic water soluble contrast medium in lumbar myelography. Electrocardiograph<br />(ECG) tracing, heart, and respiratory rates were recorded before and after injection<br />of Iotrolan in anesthetized dogs. Once the contrast agent had been injected, right<br />lateral radiographs and ventrodorsal projections were taken to the lumbar region. Heart rate decreased significantly after injection of Iotrolan. There was no difference<br />in the ECG tracings. The mean respiratory rate did not change significantly at 5, 15,<br />and 30 min. after injection of Iotrolan. Mild seizures appeared in two dogs while<br />moderate seizures were observed in another dog. Myelography showed normal spinal cord in all dogs except two had displaced dura. The spread of Iotrolan in the<br />subarachnoid space was even, giving a good quality imaging. There was leakage of the contrast medium into the epidural spaces in three dogs.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Radiosonographic study of the lower urinary tract in goat137794910.21608/jvmr.2005.77949ENM. M.SeifDepartmnet of Surgery, Anaethesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptH. H.OkashaDepartmnet of Surgery, Anaethesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptU. I.HagagDepartmnet of Surgery, Anaethesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318This study was conducted on 62 goats. The lower urinary tract was investigated in 50normal goats and 12 clinical cases suffered from lower urinary tract affections using ultrasonography and radiography.<br />The investigation included shape, position, anatomical architecture and dimensions of urinary bladder and urethra. Both urography and ultrasonography were used for diagnosis of cases suffering from urine retention, cystic calculi, cystitis, congenital urethral dilatation and congenital cystic diverticulum.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Duodenal obstruction in donkeys (An experimental study)1581657795310.21608/jvmr.2005.77953ENM. M.SeifDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Beni Suef University, EgyptS. A.AhmadDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptG. H.RagabDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Beni Suef University, EgyptH. H.KamelDepartment of clinical pathology, Beni-Suef University, EgyptM. S.AimenDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Beni Suef University, EgyptJournal Article20200318An experimental study was conducted on 14 donkeys. The animals were classified into two main groups. The first group included 5 donkeys that are used for induction of duodenal, obstruction for determination of the different clinical and biochemical changes and for determination of the mean survival time after obstruction. The second group contained 9 donkeys that were used for the determination of proper time for surgical intervention. Results revealed that mean survival time after obstruction was 20-35 h and the critical time for surgery was 14-35 h.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Effect of birth difficulty on ewe maternal behaviour and lamb survival1661707795510.21608/jvmr.2005.77955ENR. A.DarwishDepartment of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20200318Survival of the neonate relies on the integrated expression of appropriate<br />behaviours from both mother and young. In this study, the effect of birth difficulty on maternal and lamb behaviours and its influence on lamb survival was investigated in crossbred primiparous ewes (½ Finnish x ½ Rahmani). Assisted ewes spent significantly (P<0.05) less time licking (30.83±1.39 min/2 h) and nosing (24.25±1.79 time/2 hr) their lambs than unassisted mothers (38.52±2.96 min, 28.80±1.68 time/2 h) respectively. They were found to be more aggressive towards their lambs when attempt to suck (9.80±0.37, 12.90±0.84 and 10.50±0.50 time/2 h) when compared with unassisted one (8.00±0.40, 10.20±1.52 and 7.66±0.88 time/2h) respectively. Lamb behavioural development were found to be significantly (P<0.05) affected by birth difficulty with lambs that require assistance at birth even if they survive the birth process, they were slower to progress through the sequence of neonatal behaviours. These lambs were therefore at greater<br />risk of not surviving to weaning (28.57% vs. 11.42). It could be concluded that ease ofdelivery was an important factor determining the subsequent behaviour of the lamb and ewe and hence lamb survival, thus manipulation of husbandry and breeding system to improve delivery will improve lamb survival Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Epidemiological aspects of cryptosporidiosis in Beni-Suef Governorate1711767796110.21608/jvmr.2005.77961ENM. A.IbrahimDepartment of Hygiene, Management and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptS. M.Abo El-HadidDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptM. H.MeabedDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of infection by Cryptosporidium<br />spp. in Beni-Suef Governorate. For this purpose, 305 fecal samples from animals (75<br />calves, 74 dairy cattle, 86 lambs and 70 sheep) and 177 human stool samples were<br />collected from inhabitants and out patients of the university hospital in Beni-Suef who suffering from gastroenteritis mainly diarrhea. The samples were examined using Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. An over all of animal cryptosporidiosis was 6.8%. Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected in calves, dairy cattle, lambs and adult sheep at a rate of 12%, 2.75%, 6.97% and 0% respectively. Concerning humans Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected at a rate of 14.56% and 2.7% in diarrheic individuals and apparently healthy ones. Infection rate in females (14.28%) was higher than in males (6%) and the children (1-10 years old) were highly susceptible to cryptosporidiosis than adults. Eighty-nine selected diarrheic feacal samples (79 from humans and 10 from calves) were selected and examined by cryptosporidium antigen capture ELISA beside their examination by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. No significant differences were found between the two techniques in terms of epidemiological study.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Differentiation between virulent and avirulent strains of Pasteurella multocida using restriction endonuclease analysis1771797796310.21608/jvmr.2005.77963ENS. S.SalamaCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptS. M.ShafeiCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptElham A.El-EbiaryCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318In this study we used one reference Climson University (CU) strain and 3 virulent<br />field strains isolated from naturally infected chicken and identified as P. Multocida.<br />DNA was extracted from all strains and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis, using EcoRI, HpaII and Hind III revealing that, great similarity between either the reference or local virulent field isolates. The obtained results indicated that the most differentiable restriction endonuclease enzyme was the Hind III, which showed different band patterns between different strains.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in the Shami goat’s milk in the North Sinai Governorate1801837796610.21608/jvmr.2005.77966ENY. M.KamelAnimal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, El- Mataria, Cairo, EgyptA. L.El-NaggarAnimal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, El- Mataria, Cairo, EgyptH. M.El-ShaerAnimal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, El- Mataria, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318Considerable difficulties are associated with the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from food particularly milk and milk products. Most methods are time consuming require enrichment steps and are unable to differentiate pathogenic isolates from non pathogenic ones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional culturing methods. Fifty milk samples were collected from Shami goats in North Sinai governorate. Two primers (DG26 and DG63) were used in PCR and the size of the PCR-product was 440bp. The results obtained by PCR technique were in good agreement with that obtained by conventional culturing method. Five samples (10%) were positive by PCR while 4 samples were positive by conventional culturing method. Interestingly, PCR results are obtained within few hours. Moreover, it solved the problem of interpretation of classical biochemical and serological typing in one step without necessity of using additional examinations. This makes diagnosis in food control laboratories much faster and more efficient. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Preparation of diagnostic lysate antigens for rapid evaluation of local entero-3 vaccine1841897797010.21608/jvmr.2005.77970ENA. A.,EI-KholyVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Researches Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.Amal M.EI-SawahCentral Laboratory for Quality control of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptM. S.,WasselCentral Laboratory for Quality control of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptS. M.,ZeidanVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Researches Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.A. M.,DaoudVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Researches Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200318Studies were conducted to determine the utility of lysate antigens for rapid<br />evaluation of the local entero-3 vaccine, antigens were prepared from cell cultures<br />infected with bovine rota virus (BRV) and bovine corona virus (BCV) as well as<br />from Enterotoxigenic E. coli strain K99. Prepared antigens were tested with field<br />serum samples collected from both late pregnant entero-3 vaccinated cows and their offsprings using different serological assays including: microagglutination test,<br />indirect ELISA and immunofluorescent antibody technique. Results of this endeavor<br />were correlated to that of the standard virus neutralization test. The locally prepared<br />antigens were proved useful for vaccine evaluation. Moreover, these antigens are<br />recommended for both detection and assessment post vaccination or post infection of sero-conversion against BRV, BCV and E. coli.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane proteins: Profile analysis and immunogenicity in relation to the antibiotic resistance1901957797210.21608/jvmr.2005.77972ENMona I.El-EnbaawyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptAnsam M.SalamDepartment of Immunology, Animal Health Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200318To analyze the major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the sensitive or resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, the OMPs were separated from the cellular elements by sarcosyl extraction method. OMPs profiles were conducted by SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC) sensitive P. aeruginosa serotype K showed four protein bands; 35.713, 31.159, 26.107 and 22.869 KD. While AMC sensitive P. aeruginosa serotype H showed three bands of 35.713, 27.164 and 23.174 KD. Whereas AMC resistant P. aeruginosa serotype G, that was positive for the blaTEM gene by the PCR, modified its protein pattern. It has five protein bands of 52.142, 38.525, 30.690, 27.164 and 22.569 KD. These findings suggested that blaTEM gene and the outer membrane protein barrier are contributed to the resistance to amoxicillin clavulanic acid in P. aeruginosa. To determine a possible relationship between the resistance of P. aeruginosa and the production of antibodies against its outer membrane protein, antibodies against OMPs of AMC sensitive and resistant P. aeruginosa strains were prepared in mice and evaluated by ELISA. Our results showed that there was no association between immunogenicity of the outer membrane proteins and resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Prevalence of some respiratory diseases among sheep and goats in Shalateen , Halaieb and Abu-Ramad Areas1962027797610.21608/jvmr.2005.77976ENMona A.MahmoudAnimal Health department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, EgyptWafaa A.OsmanAnimal Health department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, EgyptAzza S. A.GodaAnimal Health department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, EgyptA. L.El NaggarAnimal Health department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, EgyptJournal Article20200318Nasopharyngeal swabs and pnuemonic lung autopsies collected from diseased or slaughtered sheep and goats suffering from respiratory manifestation were subjected to microbiological sreening. In addition, serum samples were collected from all animals were investigated. P. hemolytica was the most prevalent recovered bacterial isolates followed by S. aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, Aspergillus fumigatus was the most prevalent fungus. Aspergillus species and Candida albicans were also isolated. Most of the isolated bacterial strains were found sensitive to spectrama and chloramphenicol. Serodiagnosis of P. hemolytica by ELISA using the whole cell antigen gave positive results in 18.3 and 22.5% of diseased sheep and goats respectively and 52% and 42.1% of slaughtered pneumonic sheep and goats respectively. Also serodiagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus by indirect haemagglutination test revealed positive results in18.3and 17.5% of diseased sheep and goats respectively and 24% and 21% in sera of slaughtered pneumonic sheep and goats respectively. Histopathological changes due to P. haemolytica and Aspergillus fumigatus were recorded. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and bovine ephemeral fever virus antigens in cattle lymph nodes using three immunological assays2032077797810.21608/jvmr.2005.77978ENS. M.TamamDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. EgyptA. S.Abdel-MoneimDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. EgyptJournal Article20200318Lymph nodes (Ln) are the preferred samples for virus isolation and detection. In<br />the present study, carcass and visceral Ln of apparently healthy cattle were screened for the presence of bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) antigens. A total of 198 Ln (114 carcasses Ln and 84 visceral Ln) were collected. Lymph node homogenates were assayed by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), rapid Staphyloccocal protein A (SPA) agglutination test and Dot-ELISA. The overall results revealed that BHV-1 antigens were detected in 43.9%, 56.1% and in 68.4% of carcass Ln, and in 29.8%, 47.6% and 57.1% of visceral Ln collected from slaughtered cattle by AGPT, SPA agglutination test and Dot-ELISA respectively. On the other hand, BEFV antigens were detected in 5.3%, 38.6% and 52.6% of carcass Ln, and in 6%, 41.7% and 54.8 % of visceral Ln collected from slaughtered animals by AGPT, rapid SPA agglutination test and Dot-ELISA respectively. The results showed high percentage of positive samples with SPA agglutination test and Dot- ELISA in comparison to AGPT for both BHV-1 and BEF.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Preparation of an inactivated penta cell culture vaccine against canine distemper, canine parvo, canine hepatitis "canine adeno-1", canine adeno-2 and rabies viruses for dogs2082147797910.21608/jvmr.2005.77979ENNaglaa I.AlyVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, P.O.B.131, Cairo, EgyptZeinab T. S.SalamaVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, P.O.B.131, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318A penta-dog inactivated cell culture vaccine was prepared to protect dogs against canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus1, 2 and rabies virus. The potency of this vaccine was compared with that of single inactivated vaccines prepared against each disease, in different groups of susceptible dogs. It was found that the protective dose of penta-dog vaccine (2ml) including the protective amounts of the five viral proteins resulted in full protection of vaccinated dogs against the challenge with virulent strain of the used viruses showing no antagonizing effect between each other with and no adverse postvaccinal reaction. So, the prepared inactivated cell culture penta-dog vaccine is a safe and potent vaccine for dogs which resulted in saving time, cost, and effort stress factors on animals and providing good immune statues.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Preparation of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine adjuvanted with natural immune stimulants2152207798410.21608/jvmr.2005.77984ENH. M.MadboulyDeptartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptA. M.Nour El-DienNational Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, EgyptBoseila A. H.AbeerNational Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318The challenge virus standard (CVS-11) strain of fixed rabies virus was propagated in weaning mice brains and in suckling mice brains. It was also propagated on baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) with use of diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAEDextran). These passages were titerated in 3-4 weeks old white Swiss mice using mouse inoculation test (MIT). The virus harvest was concentrated using zinc acetate method , inactivated by beta-propiolactone (BPL) and adjuvanted with combination of vitamin E and selenium. The prepared adjuvanted inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine was subjected to quality control tests as safety, sterility and potency using National Institute of Health (NIH) test against reference vaccine.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Trial for production of FMD cell culture vaccine grown in medium containing serum replacement2212267798710.21608/jvmr.2005.77987ENAbeer E. M.MansourFMD Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318The present study was designed in a trial to use serum replacement instead of the newborn calf serum in propagation of BHK-21 cell cultures with subsequent reducing the cost of foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine production. Two batches of BHK-21 cell culture were prepared where the medium of the first batch was supplemented with newborn calf serum while the medium of the second batch was supplemented with serum replacement. FMD virus was propagated 7 passages using BHK-21 cell culture. Both virus titration and complement fixation titer (CF) revealed that propagation of FMD virus in cell cultures supplemented with newborn calf serum yields a titre higher than that in case of cells supplemented with serum replacement. Also two batches of FMD inactivated vaccine were prepared from the virus propagated in the two-mentioned cell culture batches. Two groups of susceptible calves were vaccinated with these vaccines. Both of virus neutralization test (VNT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that higher antibody levels were induced in calves vaccinated with the vaccine prepared from cells supplemented with calf serum than those vaccinated with vaccine prepared from cells grown with serum replacement. BHK-21 cell culture supplement with newborn calf serum is most susceptible for FMD virus propagation yielding higher titer of the virus. Moreover, the growth pattern of the used cell culture was much better when the newborn calf serum was used. Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Preparation of diagnostic ELISA kits for detection of camelpox virus2272317799210.21608/jvmr.2005.77992ENE. A.Aboul SoudVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptMagda, M.SayedCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptA. A.BadawiCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptM. M.TahaVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptElham A.El-EbiaryCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptA. M.DaoudVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318Peroxidase labeled immunoglobulins to camelpox virus (CPV) were prepared for use in various techniques of ELISA. Ten rabbits and three goats were inoculated with a mixture of camelpox virusand Freund’s adjuvant. Sera were pooled separately on the 10th day post the last inoculation and immunoglobulins were precipitated using saturated ammonium sulphate. The globulins were 2.8 g/dl and 2.5 g/dl for rabbits and goats respectively and used for peroxidase conjugation. The peroxidase labeled immunoglobulins were titrated and evaluated using direct solid phase ELISA, double antibody sandwich ELISA and dot immunoblot ELISA. The prepared conjugates gave specific and clear positive reactions till the dilution of 2000 and 1500 for rabbits and goats immunoglobulins respectively. The prepared labeled immunoglobulins could be successfully used in detection of camel pox viral antigen of local virulent and standard vaccinal strain of the virus using various ELISA techniques.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Preparation and evaluation of combined inactivated vaccine containing rota, corona viruses, Escherichia coli bacterin and Clostridium perfringens type Ctoxoid (Entero-4)2322377799410.21608/jvmr.2005.77994ENA. M.DaoudVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptR. A.DiabVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptS. M.Aboul SaoudVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptS. M.ZeidanVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptF. F.ZakiCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318A conclusive study was conducted for preparation and evaluation of combined inactivated entero-4 vaccine containing bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), E. coli K99 and toxoid of C. perfringens type "C". Laboratory and field evaluations were conducted on laboratory animals, calves and late pregnant cows with monitoring the active and passive antibodies in vaccinated cows and their offspring respectively. Laboratory evaluation proved purity, safety and high efficacy of the vaccine without interference between different vaccine ingredients. Field evaluation gave satisfactory results when pregnant cows vaccinated at late stage of pregnancy with high neutralizing antibody titers against BRV, BCV and C. perfringens as well as high E. coli agglutinating titers. Maternal immunity passively protected offspring during the critical period of age and remained protected till the end of sampling time (30th day post parturition).Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Study on a New Isolate of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus2382437799610.21608/jvmr.2005.77996ENA. Y.MetwallyAnimal Health Research Institute Kafr El-Sheikh Provincial laboratoryH. MMadboulyVirology Deptartment Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni-Suef University, EgyptJournal Article20200318Fifteen outbreaks with clinical picture and post- mortem lesions similar to that of rabbit haemorrhagic viral disease (RHVD) were investigated in vaccinated flocks during the period between February and July 2005 at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Twelve representative liver homogenate were positive in haemagglutination test (HA) using human type (O) washed RBCs, with titer more than 1/160. Detection of virus particles by electron microscopy, histopathological findings as well as pathogenicity test , confirmed that the outbreaks were RHVD. The possible role of field rats for the transmission and spread of RHVD among rabbitaries was studied. Cross reactivity and cross protection tests were conducted. These tests proved that the newly emerged RHVD isolates were not closely related to classical local vaccinal strain of RHVD and may be a variant strain.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Life cycle of Philophthalamus species for the first time in Egypt2442467799910.21608/jvmr.2005.77999ENH. S.LotfyAnimal health institute, Beni-Suef, Dokki, Giza, EgyptS. M.Abo El-HadidDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318The present investigation succeeded in following up the life cycle of Philophthalamus species cercaria emerged from Cleopatra bulimoides snail till production of adult worm Philophthalamus species. This adult worm was extracted from the nictitating membrane of the eyes after 35 days post oral infection of one-day old ducks by metacercaria of Philophthalamus species. The worm Philophthalamus species have a mean length of 4.365mm. The most interesting result of the present study is the success in obtaining Philophthalamus species adult worm. Moreover Philophthalamus cercaria was described for the first time from snails collected from Beni-Suef Governorate, EgyptBeni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Some parasites causing diarrhea in goats in Beni-Suef Governorate2472517800110.21608/jvmr.2005.78001ENS. M.Abo El-HadidDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptH. S.LotfyAnimal Health Institute, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318A total of 100 fecal samples from goats were coprologically examined to investigate the main cause of diarrhea. Animals were divided according to the age into 3 groups (7-35 days, 35 days - 6month and over one year). The results revealed that Eimeria species was the most predominant parasite (70%), the parasitic gastroenteritis (28%) and Cryptosporidium species (21%). Ten species of Eimeria were identified from the infected animals, E. hirci, E. arloingi, E. intericata, E. ahsata , E. christenseni, E. marisca, E. crandalis, E. weybridegenesis, E. faurei and E. ovina. Three species of parasitic gastroenteritis (Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia species and Trichostrongylus species). Cryptosporidium oocysts were found common in young goatsBeni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Field Evaluation of the rough mutant Brucella abortus RB 51 vaccine in cattle2522547800410.21608/jvmr.2005.78004ENH. I.HoseinDeptartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef, Cairo University, EgyptM. N.El-ShearyDeptartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University, EgyptA. M.El-SherifDeptartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef, Cairo University, EgyptK. M. S.IbrahimDeptartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University, EgyptJournal Article20200318In this study field application of RB51 vaccine combined with the policy of test and slaughter as well as application of hygienic measures for control of bovine brucellosis were carried out and evaluated in a dairy herd of cattle for two years. Serological examination of 1280 cattle using tube agglutination, buffered acidified plate antigen, Rose Bengal plate antigen and Rivanol tests revealed 240 (18.75%) positive animals with a previous history of abortion of 12 cows. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 could be isolated from tissue specimens of slaughtered cows. Animals that tested negative in the first examination were vaccinated with RB 51 vaccine with periodical examination every three weeks and slaughtering of positive cases. New positive cows continued to develop up to the 5th examination then three successive sero-negative tests were obtained with release of the farm from quarantine. Examination of animals 6,12,18 and 24 months post release of quarantine revealed 2, 3, 0 and one positive cases respectively the matter which clarified that the control of the outbreak using RB51 vaccine associated with policy of test and slaughter and application of hygienic measures showed some limitations.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Clinical Investigation on intestinal helminthes infestation in stray dogs in South Florida, USA2552577800610.21608/jvmr.2005.78006ENK. M.IbrahimDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20200318In this study a total of 200 stray dogs housed in Safe Harbor Animal Rescue and Clinic (SHARC), South Florida, USA were clinically and parasitologically examined for intestinal helminthes. In this investigation, dogs were clinically examined and monitored for intestinal parasites for 6 successive weeks, treated with specific drugs and investigated for the possibility of reinfestation with intestinal parasites within the closed quarters of the animal shelter environment. Fecal floatation technique revealed three types of parasitic eggs in fecal samples of 46 (23%) dogs, including Ankylostoma spp. 30 (15%), Toxocara canis 10 (3.5%), and Dipylidium caninum 6 (3%). Clinical examination of investigated dogs revealed bloody diarrhea associated with abdominal pain, anemia, poor hair coat and the presence of segments of tapeworms approximately in the size of grain of rice in the feces of some dogs. Some dogs showed frequent cough. Some dogs that were tested negative for Ankylostoma spp. and Toxocara canis tested positive later indicating definite contamination in the environment of the shelter. Some dogs developed tapeworm infestation during this study indicting the presence of infective flees in contact dogs. Control measures and therapy were discussed.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Effect of some therapeutics and immunostimulants on the course of Brucellosis in naturally infected sheep and goats2582617800910.21608/jvmr.2005.78009ENM. N.El-SheeryDepartment of veterinary medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez-Canal UniversityJournal Article20200318In this study a total of 14 infected sheep and 6 lactating albino goats were used. These animals were proved to be brucellosis seropositive using TAT, MET, BAPAT, RBPT and rivanol test as well as bacteriologically positive by isolation of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 from their milk. These animals were subjected to trials of treatment using three different methods. Goats treated by antibiotics combined with BCG showed the highest recovery rate (on bacteriological basis), followed by animals treated with antibiotics only and finally animals treated with antibiotics combined ID. The recovered treated animals were placed under careful investigation for 2 years with no evidence of Brucella infection neither in them nor in their newborns.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Immunogenicity of the live attenuated (Smithburn) Rift Valley fever vaccine in sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes and camels2622677801110.21608/jvmr.2005.78011ENK.M.AmmarDeptartment of Animals Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafre El-Sheikh – Tanta University, Egypt.NirmeenG. ShafiekCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.M.S.WasselCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200318In the present study, the humoral immune response developed following vaccination with the live-attenuated (Smithburn) Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine in sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes and camels was investigated. Results showed that, serum neutralizing antibody titers of RVF virus started to appear in the sera of all vaccinated animals with live-attenuated Rift valley fever vaccine after the first week post-vaccination and reached its peak after the third month of vaccination. It persisted to be higher than the acceptable limit of protection (>40) in the sera of sheep and goats in more than 6 months post-vaccination while it declined in the sera of cattle, buffaloes and camels to become lower than the acceptable limit of protection (<40) after the sixth month post-vaccination. On the other hand, the serum neutralizing antibody titers remained negative in the sera of non-vaccinated (control) animals throughout the study. It could be concluded that, the neutralizing antibodies following vaccination of cattle, buffaloes and camels with live attenuated RVF (Smithburn) vaccine was low and of a short duration compared with those in sheep and goats. Hence, it is important to prepare a new vaccine which is safe and gives a high immune response for long period in cattle, buffaloes and camels instead of live attenuated (Smithburn) RVF vaccine to protect these animals species against this disease.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Abortion and shedding of Brucella abortus RB51 in vaginal exudates of vaccinated cows2682707801310.21608/jvmr.2005.78013ENH. I.HoseinDeptartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef, University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
2M. N.ShalabyAnimal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptR. A.AzzamDeptartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef, University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20200318In this study, Brucella abortus RB51 could be detected in the vaginal exudates of 5 out of 26 aborted cows following vaccination of three dairy cattle herds of 3810 animals including heifers and pregnant and non-pregnant cows by RB51 vaccine. Abortion associated with isolation of RB51 vaccinal strain from recently vaccinated cows in this study served as evidence that the vaccinal RB51 strain was the cause of abortion due to extensive bacterial multiplication and colonization in the uterus of vaccinated pregnant cowsBeni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Efficacy of some diagnostic procedures used for diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis in camels2712747801510.21608/jvmr.2005.78015ENA. M.El-SherifDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptA.SayedEl-Naser Company for Chemical Industries, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318A total of 980 camels were employed in this study for evaluation of some diagnostic procedures used for diagnosis of camel trypanosomiasis. Clinical examination revealed that 180 (18.37%) camels showed sings of illness including, loss of body weight, anemia, abortion, decrease of animal production and edema in some parts of the body. Parasitological examination of camel’s blood smears revealed the presence of Trypanosoma evansi in 57 (5.82%) camels. ELISA detected 99 (63.06%) positive cases while suratex test identified 80 (50.96%) positive cases. Results of mice inoculation test for detection of Trypanosoma evansi among camels showed that 69 (43.95%) camels were positive. The present study clarified that suratex test was 100% sensitive for diagnosis of trypanosomiasis followed by ELISA (98.55%).Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Investigation of some virulence factors associated with E. coli isolated from diarrheic buffalo calves2752777801710.21608/jvmr.2005.78017ENF. M.GhanemDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal UniversityM. N.El-SheeryDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal UniversityK. M.IbrahimDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal UniversityA. M.El-SherifDeptment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef , EgyptJournal Article20200318In this study a total of 120 diarrheic buffalo calves were examined clinically and bacteriologically was investigated. The role of E. coli in diarrheic buffalo calves. E. coli, could be isolated from 31 (25.80%) calves. K99 antigen could be detected in (12.90%) isolates. Studying some virulence factors of E. coli isolates revealed that 28 (90.30) isolates showed congored binding, 29 (93.50%) isolates were able to survive in serum and 23 (74.19%) were able to grow in calf serum, 25 (80.64 %) isolates could be proved as enterotoxin producers and caused accumulation of fluids in the intestinal tract of the inoculated mice. In addition, 28 (90.30 %) were able to produce verotoxins. The present study demonstrated the correlation between the presence of different virulence factors in E. coli isolates and its pathogenicity to newborn calves and its role in diarrheic calvesBeni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Some studies on bovine ephemeral fever in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt2782837801910.21608/jvmr.2005.78019ENK. M.AmmarDeartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty Veterinary Medicine Kafre El-Sheikh ,
Tanta University., Kafre El-Sheikh, EgyptM. S.WasselCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Vet. Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt.Nirmeen G.ShafiekCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Vet. Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318During summer 2004, an outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) had been spread among cattle as well as buffaloes in Egypt. The most striking clinical signs in cattle were fever of short duration, depression, stiffness, lameness and sometime<br />recumbency. Young calves, unfattened bulls and dry, lean non-pregnant cows showed only mild signs while fattened calves, mature heavy bulls and high-producing dairy cows and cows at the late stages of pregnancy were severely affected and signs persisted longer. Deaths and other complications accompanied the disease such as subcutaneous emphysema was not recorded in these outbreaks. In buffaloes, the clinical signs were mild and less severe compared with that of cattle. Serological examination of paired serum samples collected from the diseased animals using serum neutralization test revealed rising of the neutralizing antibody titers for BEF virus after 3 weeks from the onset of clinical signs. Blood picture and biochemical analysis of sera of 6 diseased animals, showed anemia represented by significant decrease in RBCS, PCV% and Hb content. The leukogram showed neutrophihia and lymphopenia with normal leukocytic count. There was rise in plasma fibrinogen with drop in calcium and phosphorus values. All of these parameters were more or less improved three weeks post-recovery. Good nursing care with early treatment with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (Phenylbutazone) or administration of calcium borogluconate of lame or recumbent animals lead to rapid and prompt recovery.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Seroprevalence of Rift valley fever, in sheep and humans, Seedy Salem (2003)2842887802310.21608/jvmr.2005.78023ENR. A.AzzamFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptM. A.IbrahimVeterinary Sera and Vaccines Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptM. S.MagdaVeterinary Sera and Vaccines Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318Elevated rectal temperature, mucopurulent nasal discharge, mortalities and abortion of pregnant ewes were the main clinical abnormalities recorded in sheep flocks at Seedy Salem Village, Kafr Al-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt following their vaccination by the attenuated Rift Valley vaccine. Meanwhile, 45 of the farmers in the village showed variable findings suggestive for a RVF epidemic and 17 farmers died of haemorrhagic fever as reported by the World Health Organization, WHO (2003). Blood serum samples were collected from 78 humans and 86 sheep and tested for RVF antibodies. We found that, where 11 (12.94%) and 10 (19.30%) of sheep and human sera respectively were positive. The recent history of vaccination of such flocks using the attenuated RVF vaccine lead us to suggest that the used vaccine might be the source of such epidemic.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051215220050301Outbreaks of pneumonia in beef calves associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus seroconversion and other respiratory pathogens2892947802410.21608/jvmr.2005.78024ENA. M.KhadrDepartment of veterinary medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20200318The present study describes the clinical, serological and bacteriolological findings in calves from two beef herds experiencing outbreaks of pneumonia. The clinical signs were nasal discharge, cough, pyrexia and increased respiratory rates. The morbidity and mortality rates over a month period were 40.72% and 15.63% respectively. Laboratory investigations revealed that bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was involved in and probably initiated both outbreaks as indicated by a significant increase in antibody titers against BVDV in sera of convalescent calves (paired serum samples). No antibodies bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza-3 (BPIV-3) viruses were detected in both acute and convalescent sera. Mycoplasma bovis was concurrently demonstrated in lungs of affected calves as it was isolated from 13 (81.25%) of examined lungs suggesting that there may be a synergism between bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. A total of 15 (68.18%) isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica, 5 (22.73%) Pasteurella multocida, 1 (4.54%) Pseudomonase aerugenosa, 3 (13.64%) Staphylococcus aureus, 3 (13.64%) Actinomycis pyogenes, 1 (4.54%) Klebsiella pneumonae, 1 (4.54%) Streptococcus pneumonae, 2 (9.09%) E. coli and 2 (9.09%) Aspergellus fumigatus were recovered from lungs of calves suffering from pneumonia.