Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Characterization of Variant Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus in Egypt12177791410.21608/jvmr.2006.77914ENA. S.Abdel-MoneimDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, EgyptAzza A.El-SawahDepartment of Poultry and Rabbit diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.M. A.KandilDepartment of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.Journal Article20200318During 2005, velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused a major outbreak among commercial broiler chicken in Egypt. The outbreak raised concerns regarding the protective immunity of commercially available vaccines for prevention and control of this virus in poultry. The virus was isolated from broiler farm suffered from more than 95% mortalities. The isolate was confirmed not to be avian influenza virus (AIV) by rapid chromatographic strip test, and characterized as NDV using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which amplified a portion of the fusion gene of NDV and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. This isolate confirmed to be velogenic viscerotropic NDV by mean death time (MDT) test and pathogenicity to 7-week old chickens. We tried to determine whether the existing commercial live NDV La Sota vaccine could provide protection against the isolated virus or not. Birds received a single dose of live La Sota type vaccine at 3 weeks of age and were challenged 2 weeks postvaccination with a lethal dose of NDV. Results indicated that the live vaccine did not protect against morbidity but reduced mortality in comparison to controls. All unvaccinated control chickens challenged with NDV died within 5 days post-challenge (pc). Protection from disease did not correlate with the presence of antibody titers (determined by HI) at day of challenge. These results underscore the need to develop new NDV vaccines and vaccine strategies for use during outbreak situations to protect birds from both disease and infection and to reduce virus shedding.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301The effect of different Newcastle disease live vaccines and vaccination schedules on the immune response and performance of broiler chickens serologically positive to Mycoplasmas18267791510.21608/jvmr.2006.77915ENM. M.AmerDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Wafaa. A.Abd El-GhanyDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20200318This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the Newcastle disease (ND) live vaccines from different commercial sources used in different programs for vaccination of chicks having maternal antibodies against Mycoplasma infection. The immune response was estimated using HI and challenge tests. The effect on the chicken performance was estimated by the detection of the body weight gain. The role of vaccines in stimulating respiratory bacterial stress was pointed out by the lesion scores. Birds vaccinated with live vaccines from source (2) showed higher HI titers than those vaccinated with vaccine from source (1) and birds received the 2nd vaccination from heterologous source showed lower titers than those received from homologous source. Results of the challenge test indicated that birds vaccinated with live ND vaccines from one source and those vaccinated with Hitchner B1 at 33-days of age instead of La Sota showed 100% protection rate as compared with 95 % followed by vaccination with heterologous La Sota. Birds<br />received Hitchner B1 of vaccine source (1) showed only 85% protection rate. All vaccinated chicken groups showed feed conversion rates lower than the non-vaccinated control one. Groups received Hitchner B1 as a 3rd dose of the vaccine showed higher rates than those vaccinated with La Sota. <br />Results of the lesion score for chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in vaccinated groups with different regimes revealed that birds received ND vaccinal strains from source (1) having higher scores than those received ND vaccines from the 2nd source. Administration of Hitchner B1 vaccine at 33-days of age showed lower scores. Hitchner B1 can be recommended in vaccination of chickens derived from Mycoplasma infected hens.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Isolation of Lumpy skin disease virus form naturally infected cattle previously vaccinated with live attenuated sheep poxvirus vaccine27317791610.21608/jvmr.2006.77916ENS. M.TamamVirology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni Suef UniversityJournal Article20200318Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated, from naturally infected cattle that have a history of previous vaccination with live attenuated sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccine. The virus was isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and neutralization test using specific hyperimmune serum against LSDV and SPV. Characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies was detected in trypsenized cell of infected CAM stained with H&E. Laboratory studies for characterization of isolated LSDV revealed that it was stable at a wide range of pH, but it was inactivated by exposure to 56 0C for 15 minutes. Treatment of isolated LSDV with lipid solvents (20% ethyle ether and chloroform) reduced the virus titer 3.2 and 4.4 log respectively after 24 hrs at 4 0C .On cross neutralization test<br />complete neutralization of isolated LSDV was obtained with both reference LSDV and SPV antisera. Cattle vaccinated with live attenuated SPV vaccine under experimental condition found to be protected against natural field infection with LSDV.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Determination of electrophoretic pattern of infectious bovine rhinotrachities virus of cattle32367791710.21608/jvmr.2006.77917ENHanan, A.FahmyBiotechnology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, EgyptOmayma, M.El DesawyVirology Research Department,
Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, EgypJournal Article20200318A total number of 80 nasal swabs collected from apparently normal cattle slaughtered in Basateen abattoir were screened for the presence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Among 80 examined samples, 4 samples found positive after the 3rd passage on MDBK cell line with appearance of the specific cytopathic effect (grape like clusters). The isolated virus titers were 103.9, 104.2, 105, 105.6 TCID50 / 0.1 ml. The four positive isolates were identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), virus neutralization test (VNT) and gave the intracytoplasmic granules by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). Electrophoretic profile of IBR in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was described and visualized by Coomassie blue stain. The mobilities of electrophoretic bands were determined with molecular weight marker at approximate range from 206.39 to 22.14 kDa.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Evaluation of Lactobacilli and active dry yeast in the prevention and control of quail colibacillosis37457791810.21608/jvmr.2006.77918ENA. S. E. D.MetwaliDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJihan M.BadrDepartment of Research & Diagnosis of Poultry diseases, Animal health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Amal I.YoseifDepartment of Research & Diagnosis of Poultry diseases, Animal health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200318Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the administration of active dry yeast and/or lactobacillus preparation (AVI-BAC), either before or after the infection with antibiotic resistant field strain of Escherichia coli O127 (E. coli O127) in controlling the severity of infection in quail chicks. The quail chicks of the different experimental groups were infected orally for two successive days with 3x107 CFU of E. coli O-127 as an individual dose. The used field strain proved to be highly pathogenic for quails. Probiotics were supplemented in the drinking water for the different treatment groups at a dose level of 0.5 gm/L. The results revealed that the inclusion of lactobacilli or active dry yeast before E. coli infection has been highly effective in reducing mortality rate, organ invasion and the number of E. coli positive quail chicks. In addition, it decreased the severity of macroscopic and microscopic lesions in different organs in the probiotic treated groups as compared<br />to the infected controls. Lactobacilli preparations were more efficient in controlling the severity of the infection. On the other hand, the administration of yeast and /or lactobacilli after inducing E. coli infection reduced the mortality rate and the severity of lesion score in different organs but probiotics failed to protect quail chicks against the infection. It has been proved that the two probiotics have synergistic effect in controlling collibacillosis in quails.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Treatment trials of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in quails46607791910.21608/jvmr.2006.77919ENJihan M.BadrDepartment of Research & Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute Dokki- Giza, EgyptA. S. E. D.MetwaliDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Amal I.YoseifDepartment of Research & Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases, Animal
Health Research Institute Dokki- Giza, EgyptM. M.ArafaDeptartment of Biochemistry, Animal
Health Research Institute Dokki- Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200318An evaluation of the efficacy of different treatment trials in controlling Pseudomonas<br />aeruginosa infection in quail chicks was done. Two probiotics (Lactobacilli and active dry yeast) and two fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin & ofloxacin) were used. Four-daysold quail chicks were infected orally with 0.2ml containing 3 x 108 CFU/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginsa strain which proved to be highly pathogenic for quails and sensitive to both antibiotics mentioned above. After three days, infected quails were sorted out into treated and control groups. The fluoroquinolone treated groups were given either of the antibiotics in the drinking water at a dose level of 10mg/kg BW every 12 h for five successive days, while the probiotic treated groups received either and both of the probiotics at a dose level of 0.5gm/liter<br />daily till the end of the experiment. The results revealed that fluoroquinolones were highly effective in destroying the infectious agent. on the other hand, the general health condition and body functions were negatively affected. Histopathological changes in fluoroquinolone and probiotic treated groups were similar. Bacteriologically, the probiotics failed to remove pseudomonas from the infected internal organs. Probiotics proved to be effective in reducing<br />mortalities, severity of infection, enhancement of liver and kidney functions up to almost<br />normal values and improving quail immunity. Probiotics resulted in improvement of the<br />haematological and biochemical parameters as well as total serum proteins and serum<br />globulins. Dual administration of the lactobacilli and saccharomyces justified their synergistic<br />probiotics effect against quail chick pseudomoniasis.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Bacterial causes of decrease in performance of the breeder chicken flocks61697792010.21608/jvmr.2006.77920ENM. M.AmerDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Wafaa A.Abd El-GhanyDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20200318This study was carried out to investigate the possible bacterial causes affecting the<br />productivity of the breeder hens. The hens under test were positive for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and negative for Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum (S. g-p) as tested by serum agglutination test. Ovaries with lesions were bacteriologically and serologically proven to have 12 bacterial isolates including three un-typed E. coli, one O11, and one O78; three Staphylococcus aureus; one S.g-p; two Proteus and one Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)<br />isolates. The antibiogram of the two identified E. coli strains, S. g-p as well as P. aeruginosa showed variable sensitivity. The tested organisms were very sensitive to colistin and enrofloxacin. The selected E. coli, S.g-p and P. aeruginosa strains proved to be pathogenic to 3-day-old chicks, with induction of clinical signs, mortalities, post mortem lesions and adverse effect on the body weight gain. On the other hand, E. coli O78 was more pathogenic than O 11. The use of the abovementioned drugs for controlling of those infections in chicks was effective as indicated by the results of the in vitro test. It is important to carry out bacteriological examination to the breeder flocks in order to investigate the bacterial affections with estimation of changes in their sensitivity to the used antibiotics.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Clinical and some biochemical variations with trials of treatment in hypomagnesaemia in buffaloe calves at Assiut Governorate70747792110.21608/jvmr.2006.77921ENH. Z.RatebDepartment of Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Assiut University, Assuit,Egypt..M. E.RadwanAnimal Health Research Institute, Assiut Regional Laboratory,Assuit,Egypt.Journal Article20200318A total number of 30 buffaloe calves aged between 1-6 months with body weight range of 100- 125 kg and belonged to private farms at Assiut Governorate constituted the materials of this study. Twenty of them showed the classical signs of hypomagnesaemia while the other ten buffaloe calves were proved to be healthy by both clinical and laboratory methods of examinations and used as control.<br />Biochemical analysis of blood sera showed a significant hypomagnesaemia , hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia in diseased buffaloe calves when compared with the healthy ones, also fluctuation between the previous studied parameters either pre and post treated animals were evident. Meanwhile, blood serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and GOT levels were fluctuated in diseased buffaloe calves or treated one when compared with the healthy control animals. Statistical analysis between studies parameters were carried out in buffaloe calves before and after treatment.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Toxo-pathological effects induced by urea in broiler chicks75847792210.21608/jvmr.2006.77922ENK. A.AbdouDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni
Suef University, EgyptM.MubarakDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptA. A.SharkawyDeparment of Forensic Med. and
Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20200318Sixty, day-old, chicks were reared up to 3 weeks of age and then randomly divided into 4 equal groups (3 treated and one control group). Urea (46 % nitrogen) was added to the grower-finisher ration of the treated birds at levels of 1% , 3% and 5% (groups I, II & III respectively). Feed and water were available ad libitum for all birds over the time of experiment. At days 7, 20 and 30 post exposure, 5 birds from each group were weighed, bled and sacrificed. All birds spontaneously died during the experiment were also necropsied. Haematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs counts, PCV and Hb), biochemical variables [urea, glucose, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase; (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase; (LDH)] and body weight gain were assessed. The encountered pathological changes were described. The obtained results indicated that: (1) decrease in RBCs, WBCs counts, PCV and Hb, (2) increase in ALP, LDH, urea and uric acid, while glucose level was decreased. (3) decrease in body weight gain in all treated birds. There were significant pathological changes in kidneys, heart, liver and lungs of the treated birds. It was concluded that addition of urea to poultry feeds to replace the more expensive protein-nitrogen has serious consequences which affect the health condition and weight gain of birds.Beni-Suef University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Veterinary Medical Research2357-051216120060301Some macromorphological studies on the ventricular musculature of the heart of the donkey85957792310.21608/jvmr.2006.77923ENS. A.RagabDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptY. R.WallyDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptF. M.FaragDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptM. A. N. M.NazifDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200318The present work was conducted on 25 hearts of healthy donkeys of both sexes. Three methods were adopted to clarify the musculature of the ventricles; nitric acid method, acetic acid method and flour paste method. The ventricular myocardium was arranged into three layers: superficial, middle and deep. The superficial layer consists of eleven bundles arranged longitudinally from the base to the apex of the heart. Moreover, a thin subepicardial layer separated it from the epicardium. The middle layer on the right ventricle was horizontally oriented, while on the left ventricle it was represented by three bands; (A), (B) and (C). The deep layer on the right ventricle was formed of two bands (A) and (B) while on the left ventricle consisted of a single band (C), in addition to some fibers derived from the superficial layer. The<br />intervrentricular septum was formed from fibers extended from the middle and deep layers. The papillary muscles were four in the right ventricle and two in the left one.