2024-03-29T14:02:59Z
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=6771
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Fungal pathogens associated with respiratory problems in broiler chickens
Radwan
I. A.
Abed
A. H.
Abd El-Aziz
M. M.
Fungal diseases of poultry have become problematic as bacterial and viraldiseases. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence offungal agents in broiler chickens suffering from respiratory disorders. Theprevalence rate of fungal isolation was 53.1% including mycelia fungi (42%)and yeast isolates (11.1%). Mould isolates were identified as Aspergillusfumigatus (21.7%), Aspergillus flavus (8.4%), Aspergillus niger (8.4%),Aspergillus nidulans (1.3%), Cladosporium spp. (0.4%) and Penicillium spp.(1.8%). Concerning yeast isolates, Candida spp. was the most predominantwhich were identified as C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis (2.7% each), C.krusei, C. regosa (2.2% each), and C. stellatoidea (0.4%). Moreover, oneCryptococcus sp. was recovered and identified as C. neoformans (0.9%). PCRassay using oligonucleotide primer amplifying a 570 bp fragment based onITS region gene was conducted on randomly selected 9 isolates including 6Aspergillus spp. (A. flavus, A. niger, A. fumigates; 2 each) as well as 3 yeastisolates (two isolates of C. albicans and one isolate of C. neoformans). Alltested isolates had positive reactions.
fungi
Broilers
respiratory affection
Aspergillus
Cladosporium
2016
06
01
1
8
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43168_5d67e24850d42b47f3263304f3c87f76.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Rumen impaction in cattle due to plastic materials
Akraiem
A.
Abd Al-Galil
A. S. A.
The present study was carried out on 22 cows suffering from ruminal impaction with plastic materials as foreign bodies and ten apparently healthy cows as a control group. Clinical examination included clinical signs, temperature, pulse, respiratory rate and ruminal motility were recorded prior to treatment. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBCs), total leucocytes (WBCs) countand the glutaraldehyde test were performed. Ruminal fluid was evaluated forpH and the methylene blue reduction time (MBRT). The mean pH of rumenfluid, MBRT, total leucocytes count, and PCV were increased significantly(P<0.05). Rumen motility was significantly reduced (P<0.05) preoperative inthe animals suffering from rumen impaction, but the mean value of pulserate, respiration rate, temperature, glutaraldehyde test, haemoglobin andtotal erythrocyte count were non-significantly changed. On the 5thpostoperative day the clinical and the laboratory parameters in the studygroup had largely become normalized. Six months after the procedure, 18(81.9%) cows showed complete recovery and 4 (18.9%) animals wereslaughtered within 3 months following surgery. This study concluded that theclinical and laboratory findings might be of diagnostic importance. Rumenimpaction with plastic materials should be differentiated from anorexia,emaciation, ruminal hypomotility, tympany and dehydration in cows. Thesurgical removal of foreign body demonstrated positive effects on animalhealth.
cattle
ruminal impaction
surgical elimiantion
2016
06
01
9
14
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43189_3053f54c27c71967fc00b95817694f14.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Characterization of antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens recovered from cases of bovine mastitis with special reference to Staphylococcus aureus
Hassan
W. H.
Hatem
M. E.
Elnwary
H. A.
Sediek
S. H.
In the current study, a total of 20 and 78 milk samples were collected from animalsshowed signs of clinical and subclinical mastitis, for isolation and identification ofdifferent causative pathogens in some dairy farms of Beni-Suef Governorate, andfor investigation of in vitro sensitivity. The recovered microorganisms wereStaphylococcus species (n=79; 80.61%), Enterococcus spp. (n=28; 28.57%), CAMPnegative Streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=7; 7.14%), E. coli (n=3; 3.06%)and Proteus vulgaris (n=1; 1.02%). Antibiogram profile for S. aureus showed thatthe most effective drug was vancomycin and the least was penicillin. Trials weredone to detect biofilm production for recovered isolates of S. aureus (n=23) by theuse of a phenotypic method (Congo red agar, CRA) and genotypic methodsthrough determination of some biofilm related genes using PCR. All recovered S.aureus isolates were seeded on the CRA media to detect the biofilm formingability. It has been found that all tested isolates showed a biofilm forming abilityeither strong (13; 56.52%) or intermediate (10; 43.48%). The detection of somebiofilm associated genes (icaA, icaD and bap genes) using polymerase chainreaction revealed that two (10.53%) isolates out of 19 were negative for all testedgenes, 16 (84.21%) isolates harbored both icaA and icaD gene, while only one(5.26%) isolate had all tested genes.
mastitis
antimicrobial sensitivity
S. aureus
Biofilm
2016
06
01
15
25
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43198_3532f15e6b47f95c812d48692e9763db.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Decontamination of broiler carcasses` skin using medicinal herbal extracts
Fathy A.
Khalafalla
Fatma H.M.
Ali
Jehan M.
Ouf
Ahmed M.M.A.
Mosa
"> This study was carried out to detect the efficiency of differentconcentrations of medicinal herbal extract as decontaminant agent onbroiler carcasses. Therefore, a total of twelve broiler carcasses treated withsumac extract (4% and 8% w/v) and rosemary extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v)and stored at 0±1°C. All treated carcasses were sensory andmicrobiologically analyzed. It has been found that there were no changes incolor and odor of treated carcasses, either by sumac extract (8% w/v) orrosemary extract (0.5% w/v), however, a reduction in the total bacterialcount, coliforms count, E. coli count and Staphylococcus spp. count one/twolog less than control samples and shelf-life of broiler carcasses was noticedand extended three to six days more than the control. From the presentstudy, it could be concluded that sumac extract (8% w/v) and rosemaryextract (0.5% w/v) are effective as broiler meat decontaminant andpreservative.
Medicinal Herbs
rosemary
Sumac
decontaminations
broiler carcasses
shelflife
2016
06
01
26
34
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43209_0fe3f9c55a3106b817d1d933f4acbef4.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Effect of prenatal and postnatal environmental enrichment on laboratory rats' welfare
Asmaa K.
Abdelghany
Naglaa M.
Abdel-Azeem
Mostafa
A. S.
Emeash
H. H.
This work was designed to investigate effects of environmental enrichment duringgestation on behaviour, physiology and brain histology of enriched and non-enrichedoffspring rats. A total of 30 female wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups;control and enriched groups. Offspring from prenatally enriched group were dividedafter weaning into two groups; one raised under standard condition (enriched group)and the other raised under enriched condition after weaning (E+EC group) from theday 23 to the day 35 postnatal. Observing neonates' behaviour, on the day 36postnatal, rats subjected to behavioural tests. On the day 42 postnatal, blood sampleswere collected and brain samples were obtained for histopathology. Behavioural testsrevealed significant (P<0.05) increased time spent in open arm, open arm entries andtime in center in E+EC group and unprotected stretch attend posture (USAP) weresignificantly (P<0.01) increased in E+EC group. Freezing time in open field test wassignificantly (P<0.01) decreased in the enriched group, while grooming frequency wassignificantly (P<0.05) increased in prenatally and post weaning enriched rats group < br />(E+EC). The corticosterone level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in prenatally andpost weaning enriched rats group (E+EC). The mean of tertiary processes ofcytoplasmic processes in cross section of hippocampal region were significantly(P<0.05) increased in prenatally and post weaning enriched rats group (E+EC) group.In conclusion, providing experimental laboratory rats with physical enrichment toolsin prenatal and postnatal life can improve their behavioural and physiological statusreflecting on their welfare.
Enrichment
Welfare
Rats
corticosterone
histopathology
2016
06
01
35
45
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43213_9f250273c0255ea4ed4fde7fa65d67f3.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Effect of calcium soap of palm oil fatty acids on milk composition, ewe and lamb performance in a crossbred sheep
Hanaa
H. Abdel-Hakim
Abdel-Hafeez
H. M.
Samar
S. Tawfeek
Hegazy
M. A.
; "> This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ca soap of palm oil fatty acids (CSFA), asa protected fat, on milk composition and the performance of both ewes and lambs.Thirty-three crossbred ewes aged 2-3 years and weighed 41-44 kg were allocated inthree unequal groups for A, B &C (10, 12 &11 ewes, respectively). Group A was feda diet free from protected fat and kept as a control. Group B was fed a dietcontaining 4 % fat and group C was given a diet containing 8 % fat. The ewes werein the last month of pregnancy and the experiment extended till the end of latelactation (4.5 months). Milk composition was tested, and body change in ewes andnursing lambs was traced. Moreover, the effect of fat addition on dry matter intakeof ewes was analyzed. Results revealed a decrease in dry matter intake in the lategestation and an increase in early lactation, with no significant differences in thelate lactation. The effect followed the amount of fat added. There was no effect onewe’s body weight change or lamb’s growth rate from birth to weaning. On milkcomposition, there was an increase in fat %, higher in group B and total solids%,while percentage of protein was decreased. Concerning fat supplementation, noeffect on lactose, urea milk nitrogen, and somatic cell counts was detected. Therewas a decreased level of solids-not-fat in group B, while group C showed nodetectable alterations. In conclusion CSFA supplementation was effective toincrease the fat % and yield in milk of sheep especially at the rate of 4% of addition.
Calcium soap of palm oils fatty acids
ewe and lamb performance and milk composition
2016
06
01
46
60
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43219_eb04aee3b2a492af3823e7dee1683704.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Characterization of E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates associated with omphalitis in baby chicks
Azza
A. EL-Sawah
AL Hussien
M. Dahshan
Soad
A. Nasef
El-Shaymaa
El-Nahass
Nayel
A. I.
0px; "> Omphalitis is a major cause of increased first week-chick mortality. Omphalitis, navel-yolksac infection, is a hatchery-born disease, and also known as ‘mushy chick disease’ or ‘navelill’. It is a common disease of chicks and poults, often artificially hatched chicks, causinghigh losses in the brooding period, as a bacterium penetrates the porous egg shell. Asincubation conditions are suitable for bacterial growth and incubating eggs as well, variousbacteria, such as E. coli, staphylococci, Proteus, Clostridium fecali and Pseudomonas maybe involved in the yolk sac infection. The present study aimed to determine bacterialcauses of omphalitis through isolation and identification of such pathogens. Therefore,samples from 216 yolk sacs were collected from chicks with unabsorbed yolk materials thatcould even smell putrid. Among those, 196 (90.7%) were positive; 135 (62.5%) harbouredsingle bacterial strains and 61 (28.2%) had mixed infections. The most prevalent singlebacterial isolates were E. coli (110 isolates) and P. aeruginosa (11 isolates). Meanwhile, themost predominant mixed bacterial strains were E. coli with Salmonella spp. (16 isolates;7.4%) and E. coli with P. aeruginosa (13 isolates; 6%). Other mixed infections were found inlow percentages. Most E. coli strains were Congo red-positive and non-haemolytic.Different E. coli serogroups were serologically identified including O27 (4 isolates; 20%), O157(3isolates; 15%), O26 (3 isolates; 15%) and one isolate of each of the following; O78, O6, O125,O44, O15, O115, O25, O168, O112 and O63 (each of 5%). Different Salmonella serogroups wereidentified including S. cremieu (2 isolates) and one isolate of each of the following S.enteritidis, S. blegdam, S. senftenberg, S. kingston and S. emek.Isolated bacteria differed insusceptibility. The adhesion-encoding genes (crl and fimH genes) of E. coli were detectedby cPCR. It has been concluded that chicks with omphalitis harboured different pathogensand they are considered a source of infection during the successive days of life in broilerchickens.
2016
06
01
61
70
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43223_89383b5ede0cc77b6172ad967baed52c.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Heavy metal residues in local and imported fish in Egypt
Fatma
H.M. Ali
Nasser
S. Abdel-Atty
Jehan
M. M. ouf
Marwa
A. S. Moustafa
"> A total of 100 random muscle samples of Oreochromis niloticus, Claries lazera, importedMugil cephalus and Scomber scombrus fish (25 of each) were collected from differentmarkets in Fayoum City for determination of lead, cadmium, copper and mercury residuallevels to ascertain whether these levels exceeded the prescribed legal limits. The meanmercury level in the edible muscles tissues of fish species were ranged from belowdetectable level to 0.29 ppm in local fish and to 0.28 ppm in imported fish. The residual levelswere not exceeded the prescribed legal limits of the European Commission Regulation (EC).The highest mean levels of cadmium were recorded in Mackerel (0.119 ± 0.060, ppm) whichexceeded the permitted values stipulated by European Commission (EC). The samples in thisstudy contained copper within of the general guideline limit for copper in food. The highestmean levels of lead were also recorded in Mackerel (0.477±0.073 ppm) which exceeded thepermitted value stipulated by European Commission (EC). The results were evaluatedaccording to International standards of WHO and EC. The provisional tolerable weeklyintakes used in this study to assess the relative safety of marketed in Fayoum. The publichealth significance of heavy metal residues in fishes were also discussed.
Heavy metals
Oreochromis niloticus
Claries lazera
Mugil cephalus
Scomber scombrus
2016
06
01
71
76
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43224_d760b397bf5b899dc7fa5734ba9b9c74.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Organochlorine residues in fishes collected from different water sources in El-Fayoum Governorate
Fatma
H.M. Ali
Nasser
S. Abdel-Atty
Jehan
M. M. ouf
Abdel-Latif
A. M.
; "> A total of 120 fish samples were collected from different water sources in El FayoumGovernorate, (Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms and Al RayaanLake). and represented by Clarias gariepinus from Bahr El Banat agriculturaldrainage, different fish farms (15 each), Mugil cephalus from different fish farmsand Al Rayaan Lake (15 each), Solea solea (30 samples) and Oreochromis niloticusfrom Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake (10each). Fourteen organochlorine compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography.Fish samples from Bahr El Banat revealed the highest mean levels of p,p'-DDD,endrin, endosulfan, γ-chlordane, heptachlor and γ-HCH, while fish samples from AlRayaan Lake have shown the highest mean level of methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, δ-HCH and α-HCH. Most of the examined fishsamples from different species, are within the maximum residue limits and shouldnot pose a health risk to consumers. The public health hazards were discussed aswell as recommendations were done.
organochlorine
Mugil cephalus
Oreochromis niloticus
Clarias gariepinus
Solea solea
Al Rayaan Lakes
2016
06
01
77
84
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43225_07fa625013ae397adb821364b31486dd.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Distribution pattern of intestinal helminths in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Beni-Suef province, Egypt
Khaled
Mohamed El-Dakhly
Lilian
N. Mahrous
Gehad
A. Mabrouk
Parasitic helminths of pigeons and turkeys are worldwide spread causingmortalities and considerable economic losses. Accordingly, intestinal tracts ofdomestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and domestic turkeys (Meleagrisgallopavo) were examined in Beni-Suef province, Egypt to detect their helminthfauna. A total of 740 intestinal samples from pigeons and 100 from turkeys wereinvestigated during the period from June 2015 to May 2016. The overallprevalence of recovered helminths was 11.76% (87/740) in pigeons. The recoveredspecies were identified as two trematodes, 5 cestodes and 4 nematodes.Digeneans were Brachylaima cribbi (1/740; 0.14%) and unidentified Brachylaimasp. (0.14%). Cestodal species were identified as Raillietina echinobothrida (33/740;4.46%), Raillietina cesticillus (7/740; 0.95%), Raillietina tetragona (7/740; 0.95%),Cotugnia digonopora (5/740; 0.68%) and Hymenolepis carioca (2/740; 0.27%).Among cestodes, R. echinobothrida was the most predominant one. Recoverednematodal species were Ascaridia columbae (22/740; 3%), Subulura brumpti(6/740; 0.81%), Heterakis gallinarum (3/740; 0.41%) and Capillaria spp. (2/740;0.27%). Ascaridia dissimilis was the only helminth species detected in turkeys(6/100; 6%). The highest prevalence of infection was seen in winter and summer.Tapeworms and round worms were highly prevalent at the summer. The recordedtrematodal infection was found in winter. To the best of author's knowledge, adultBrachylaima spp. was first recorded from pigeons in Egypt. Veterinarians andworkers of poultry industry must be aware towards the potential role ofarthropods as vectors of such helminths among both domestic and wild birds.
Pigeons
turkeys
prevalence
helminths
Beni-Suef
2016
06
01
85
93
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43226_c98e91cbe4f190f9b9f2daaf8493eee3.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Effects of high dietary energy, with high and normal protein levels, on broiler performance and production characteristics
Hassan
M. Abdel-Hafeez
Elham
S. E. Saleh
Samar
S. Tawfeek
Ibrahim
M. I. Youssef
Manal
B. M. Hemida
px; "> normal or wide metabolizable energy to crude protein ratios (ME:CP) on the performance,carcass characteristics, body composition and blood parameters of broilers fed from 1 to 56days of age. The chicks were allotted into 7 groups; one control and 6 tested. The birds werefed starter, grower and finisher diets. The control diet was formulated according to the NRCof poultry (1994) and the other six diets contained three different levels of high energy diets(3275, 3350 & 3425 kcal/kg; one level for each two groups). The first three tested groups werepointed for as the ''normal calorie-protein ratio” groups in which the CP increased in relationto the increased ME, keeping the normal NRC ratio. In the second three tested groups, named“wide calorie-protein ratio” groups, the dietary protein was kept at the NRC levels leading toratios wider than that of the NRC. Results showed that chicks fed high ME diets with normalenergy to protein ratio grew faster, and used feed more efficiently than chicks fed the controldiets. However, feeding diets with high ME and normal protein NRC-levels slightly improvedthe weight and feed conversion. The visible fat and fat retained in the body was higher in alltested groups compared to the control. However, the blood parameters had no significantvariations among the treatments, except for ALT which had an increased response to increaseddietary energy density. In conclusion, increasing the dietary ME level without increasing thecrude protein level provided moderately economic returns and lesser improvement in theperformance of broilers. However, increasing of dietary ME with normal ME:CP ratio resultedin increased broiler performance and higher economic return.
energy
protein
Broilers
calorie protein ratio
performance
carcass characteristics
2016
06
01
94
108
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43228_5009a6b878d0329d01498d8434c779fc.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Field evaluation of inactivated Corynebacterium ovis vaccine in sheep prepared from a local isolate
Nabila
A. Ghazy
Mohamed
G. Abdelwahab
Makhareta
M.A.M.
Abdallah
Y.A.
; "> Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccine was prepared from a local fieldisolate. Vaccination of sheep with 50g PLD toxoid and 10 mg bacterin adjuvantedwith Montanide oil improved the levels of immune responses of sheep. In manycountries, inactivated C. pseudotuberculosis adjuvant vaccines have been used forprevention and control of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. However, the efficacywas variable. The aim of the present study was directed to prepare and evaluatethe potency of an inactivated C. pseudotuberculosis vaccine using MontanideISA206. Sheep were vaccinated with 1st dose of 2ml containing 10 mg bacterin and50g toxoid and Montanide ISA 206 oil adjuvant and boostered with the samedose 15 days Apart. Evaluation of post vaccinal cellular immune response withlymphocyte proliferation assay and humoral immune response using ELISA wascarried out. Cell mediated immune response of vaccinated sheep reached its peak0.445 by 1st week post the second vaccination. The level of humoral immuneresponse showed optical density of 1.005 by 1st week post the second vaccination.Challenge test was done in all sheep four weeks after the second dose ofvaccination. Three sheep from vaccinated and three sheep from non-vaccinatedgroups were slaughtered and necropsied 150 days post challenge. The resultsrevealed 75% protection percentage against challenge while unvaccinatedchallenged sheep showed 9% protection. Statistical analysis indicated that thevaccine assessed a significant level of cellular and humoral immunity.
Caseous lymphadenitis
ELISA
Lymphocyte proliferation assay
Montanide A
2016
06
01
109
116
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43229_738f52f73e9b89d24994da91b403b81b.pdf
Journal of Veterinary Medical Research
2357-0512
2357-0512
2016
23
1
Using indirect ELISA and PCR for the diagnosis of equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) infection in Egypt
Fayez
A. Salib
Magda
A. Kalad
Hany
M. Hassan
Samer
F. Said
The present study was carried out for studying the prevalence of equine herpesvirus-1 infection among equines in different Governorates of Egypt. One hundredeighty two equines of different ages, sexes, localities and breeds showing signs offever, respiratory manifestations, abortions, ataxia, dog sitting position, limbedema, foal depression and death were examined for the isolation of EHV-1 onboth embryonated chicken eggs and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell culture, theaborted fetuses were histologically examined for the detection of inclusion bodies.Serum samples were collected to detect immunoglobulin-G specific to EHV-1 byusing ELISA. Nasopharyngeal swabs isolated virus and the aborted fetal tissueswere tested by PCR using specific primers to prove the infection with EHV-1. Theprevalence of EHV-1 infection in the examined animals was recorded as 4.94%. Itwas prevalent in Cairo, Giza, Kafr Elsheikh, Monofeia, El Sharkia Governorates. TheEHV-1 was isolated on the embryo chicken eggs and the pock lesion was appearedon the chorio-allantoic membranes. The cytopathic effects were also observed intissue cultures. The Liver of aborted fetuses showed necrosis of all hepatic tissueand activation of Kupffer cells with hemosiderin and the detection of eosinophilicintranuclear inclusion bodies. Indirect ELISA could detect IgG in all infected equines(n=9) from which EHV-1 isolated. PCR proved the infection with EHV-1 in theaborted fetal (n=3) tissues and gave similar results by using the horsesnasopharyngeal swabs isolated virus where 489 bp PCR products were detected inboth. In conclusion, EHV-1 is prevalent in different Governorates in Egypt. EHV-1infection could be diagnosed by intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies in theaborted fetal tissues. The indirect ELISA could diagnose EHV-1 infection in all agesand sexes groups. PCR applied on aborted fetal tissues is better for the diagnosis ofEHV-1 infection than that based on the horse nasopharyngeal swabs isolated virusdue to saving time and money.
EHV-1
ELISA
PCR
Diagnosis
Egypt
2016
06
01
117
124
https://jvmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_43230_f6a625d3cbdd54280c1aafb9277a8843.pdf